| A Division of the Adrian Leeds Group, LLC |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lutèce Langue Paris • Franglo Classifieds • French Word-a-Day • Institut de Français • Riviera Experience • France Today Journal • France-Amérique Journal • Mairie de Paris • Adrian Leeds Group • Contact French
Property Insider ©Copyright 2011 |
Flea Market Finds and Vineyard Vistas
(FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLY) May 7, 2009 Bonjour French Property Insider Subscriber, Today's French Property Insider is devoted to fleas and wine. What do they have in common? Nothing, except that you might want to furnish your old vineyard French farmhouse with antiques from the flea market... So, today we bring you news on how to shop at the world's most famous flea market -- the Marché aux Puces -- and how go about being a vineyard owner. Read all about both, with Hot Properties highlighting vineyards for sale in France. You may want to become a "vigneron" (vine grower)! We've also included an excerpt from yesterday's Parler Paris about the hot news on everyone's lips about the French who sleep more and eat more than anyone else, but the question remains if they kiss more, too! We think so. Be sure to see the map of which regions do the most smooching. And news about the "viager" -- if you've been following the story...there's a very happy ending on the horizon. This Friday is another holiday in France -- May 8th, the end of World War II, when we can expect to witness a military parade along the Champs-Elysées. Enjoy! A bientôt, Adrian Leeds
P.P.S. Scroll down for our current FPI subscription promotion, good for new subscribers and renewals. Tell your friends! Volume VII, Issue 19, May 7, 2009 In this issue: * Finding Bargains to Furnish Your
Home Flea-ing
the Bargains
From rue des Rosiers, all the "allées" branch off. The market is only open three days a week: Saturday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., Sunday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Monday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday is the best day to shop there -- the day the professionals choose to not be commingled with the tourists.
Today it is the world's largest antiques market with as many as 150,000 visitors every weekend from all over the world who come in the hope of finding rare and treasured objects. Saturday I was one of them, along with Martine di Matteo, our Interior Architect working with us to renovate and decorate "Le Palace des Vosges" (our Fractional Ownership property -- www.palacedesvosges.com) and some of our other clients' apartments. There are 15 different markets,
each of which has a particular flavor and style:
Chez Louisette is the market's most well-known cabaret restaurant (136, avenue Michelet, 01 40 12 10 14), famous for its lunchtime "chanteuse" singing and hearty fare. Make a special trip to it, hidden in the back of the Marché Vernaison. There is nothing the market doesn't offer...from the finest to someone's old cast-offs. At the end of the day, after having walked the "allées" of several of the markets, we walked away with nothing in hand, but lots of ideas, and a confirmation that other purchases we had made were worthwhile and priced correctly. If that's all you go for -- ideas -- then you'll find it fascinating and fun, if not fruitful. Where
Did the Term "Flea Market" Come From?
The first theory, and the one most popular on the Internet, proposes that the term is a direct translation of the French Marché aux Puces, a large, outdoor bazaar in Paris. This original market earned its name from the critter-infested goods it was rumored to sell. The second theory alleges that the term was coined at a time when the slums and alleys of Paris were demolished and replaced by new construction. The dealers in second-hand goods who lived and worked in these old neighborhoods were forced to flee. The merchants' new gathering place was referred to as the "flee market," which later became "flea market." The final theory associates the term with New York City's 18th century Fly Market. Apparently, the Dutch name for the market was vlie, which means valley but is pronounced "flea." So there you have it, three flea markets for the price of one. Our money's on the first explanation, but don't hold us to it. Living and Investing in France Real Estate Conference Coming Up!
As a special offer to FPI subscribers, we invite you to bring a spouse, partner or friend to the upcoming Living and Investing in France Real Estate Conference here in Paris...ABSOLUTELY FREE! Reserve your seats now!!
Paris Sunday, May 31, 2009 Chez Jenny 3, Boulevard du Temple 75003 Paris. For more information go to www.adrianleeds.com/frenchproperty/conference/liveinfrance/LIF_Paris_May_2009, but to register contact Schuyler Hoffman at info@adrianleeds.com.
It's been a four-year project to purchase the apartment and acquire the rights of usage, so to say I am delighted is a gross understatement! Monsieur de L. exclaimed, "Bravo, bravo!" and I thanked him profusely for all his help in making it happen. For those who wish to read more about it, there are five chapters currently online at the following links: Part I: www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis/issues/pparis10-9-07.html Chapter VI will soon be out, as soon as the deed is done, I have the keys and can start the renovation, with hopes of having it ready for rental by this Fall. Watch for "Le Saint-Tropez" to start to show its lovely face on Parler Paris Apartments (www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis/apartments)...a 17th-century "pied-à-terre" with a mezzanine, fireplace, exposed beams and a grand terrace with a beautiful view of Le Marais! May Day, May Day, May Day! May Day is Labor Day
So, in honor of May Day, we're going to lighten your work load and help you make the most of the entire month of May plus all the rest of the year following. How? Glad you asked. Every Thursday, hundreds of hard-working folks receive an electronic magazine ("E-Zine") called "French Property Insider." For those who are even remotely interested in having their own "pied-à-terre" in Paris or stone cottage in the countryside of France, it's a big help.
As a subscriber member, not only do you get each power-packed issue to file away in your reserves for future reference, but you have access to all the past issues (years worth!), lots of reports, up-to-date property prices and market information and more importantly, access to our team of professionals and our 'database' of knowledge and experience. This takes the workload off you to research all the information and knowledge you need to make a smart property investment in France. It's the help you will need to make important decisions that could change your future for the better. For a yearly subscription rate of $57.50, it's a huge bargain for 50 issues. But we're going to be help you make it even easier to subscribe.
Just imagine how amazing it would be to own your own apartment in Paris or summer home in Provence!? How many people actually do that in their lifetime? They just dream about it. Now's your chance to really do it. And it all starts with French Property Insider...at $31 for 50 issues of everything you need to know to make your dream to live and invest in France come true. Every issue is packed with information...
And when you subscribe to French Property Insider, you will be entitled to participate FREE in our periodic Conference Calls.
You'll also find articles on culture and lifestyle to help you learn those important things necessary to "fitting in," wherever you choose to rent or buy. It's all at your fingertips...every single week! Plus...with your subscription, you receive FREE reports to help you make your dreams of living or retiring in France a reality...
And..."The French Leaseback Program: Are Leasebacks for You?" This report gives you the background and history of the program, the ins and outs, ups and downs, pros and cons -- the truth about the French Leaseback "scheme. But, best of all, you have instant access to the FPI team. We offer a whole range of consultation services to help make your move to France much easier. We can be your guide through all the entire maze of bureaucracy. For the lover of France...the would-be French property owner... the dreamer of a new life in this glorious country...it doesn't get much better than this. This is all the help you need with no work or effort to speak of. Right now, this month only, May Day is Pay Day. It pays to subscribe for a mere $1 per day during the month of May to have FPI in your in-box 50 weeks out of the entire year. Don't delay. Say "May Day, May Day, May Day" and let May Day pay for you! To read a sample edition go to www.adrianleeds.com/frenchproperty/insider/FPI_Sample_Edition.html?utm_source=Parler+Paris&utm_campaign=10044bc76f-pparis1_5_02fpi_promo5_1_2009&utm_medium=email Or to subscribe or renew today go to www.parlerparis.list-manage.com/track/click?u=e588759ef97a7a6e7756358cf&id=ce200f1180&e=760a89cf6e No work, all play...on May Day. Become a subscriber or renew your current subscription today! Buying
Vineyard Properties in France
"If you simply want a winery with a block of land then there's plenty - but land, buildings, and a winery on an unpolluted site is more difficult - unpolluted visually, that is, with no TGV lines, wind turbines and the like." On the business side of things, Adam notes that making good wine isn't difficult but making a really good wine is a different matter. There is, he says, too much wine being produced so if you do fancy the lifestyle you had better be prepared to work at it. Making a success of it is certainly a challenge but that hasn't stopped an influx of foreigners establishing a presence in France. What attracts them is nicely summed up by James Kinglake: "I work harder here than I did in the City, but I'm my own boss and every day is different. Also, the people in this business are all really decent - you just don't come across the aggression and arrogance that you find in the City. The quality of life is wonderful." Tips on Buying a Vineyard in France To purchase a full on vineyard is not for the faint of heart. Be prepared to spend one to two million euro in parts of the South and probably double that in an area like Provence. Properties with farmhouses or chateaux will be even more expensive. Land of around 20 hectares will produce approximately 130,000 bottles of wine a year. There are two levels of land - Vin de Table and AOC (Appelation d'origine Controlee). With Vin de Table land you can declare Vin de Table or Vin de Pays wine, depending on the grape varieties planted. Some believe the categories are really only important in the French market. When you buy, remember the deal can take quite a while to go through but the vines don't stop growing. It is important to have an arrangement in place with the vendor to farm the estate before you're the official owner. It can be an expensive business to run - most people underestimate the costs, especially the cost of employing people in France. It is probably worth paying a premium for an estate with good vines and an established reputation and distributor. Vineyards hold their value well. Even if the wine making isn't a success, the land and property will increase in value. In Languedoc-Roussillon Prices are currently rising 25-30% per year. Editor's note: Buying a full on vineyard is not for everyone. There are alternatives for buying vineyard property without the huge investment or work. Scroll down for an article discussing these options. House
Hunters International "Vacation Home in Paris"
Vacation Home in Paris Episode HHINT-1A05 Tune In: New Yorkers Jeff Ballinger and Mary Schiller recently began the first steps toward making their dream together a reality. After honeymooning in Paris, they knew they wanted their own vacation property in France. Now, they've moved out of their house and into a smaller condo in the Bronx, NY, and have begun their search for a pied-a-terre in Paris. Guests: Financing Your Vineyard Purchase
Any investor should know that becoming a wine grower is not an immediate source of profit. The "revenue/invested capital ratio" cannot be the reason for making a purchase since this is reduced by the existence of non-productive assets in the investment, constituted mainly by the housing or by life style features such as: swimming pool, park, annexed accommodation... Short-term profitability, on the other hand, is compensated by parallel elements: Capitalization of the estate, considering that it is rare that a capital gain is not generated upon sale if, "as a good father should", the property has been well managed. Over 30 years, wine property has never fallen in France, irrespective of the region. Detaxation options within the scope of transfer of property. ISF exemption based on the chosen legal package. THERE ARE NO DEBT "RATIO TYPES" Certain dossiers are financed with a loan representing 90% of the investment and others, in contrast, require an 80% personal contribution for the purchase. The more the purchase is centered on a production tool, with the possibility of rapidly marketing the bottled production, the greater the borrowing capacity will be. This is notably the case for investors who are already wine growers or those with an already existing commercial or relational network: investors involved in large-scale distribution, importers, brewers... THE FINANCIAL PACKAGE MUST GLOBALIZE THE TRANSACTION The financial package should incorporate the following 3 aspects: Purchase amount, including transaction
costs THE BANKING APPROACH: Submit a CV and a statement of assets justifying own-fund contributions. Prepare a provisional plan over 3 to 5 years. Together with your wine property agency, draw up a complete business dossier as well as the legal package of the purchase (foundation of the company, GFA, SCEA...). Choose 2 to 3 professional banking entities providing wine financing and in a position to offer specific loans: subsidies, funds, PAM (equipment improvement plans), plantation PPVS loans, seasonal credit, warrant on harvest. POINTS OF NEGOTIATION FOR SETTING UP A LOAN: Duration of loan : 12 to 20 years for the land and buildings and 5 to 8 years for the cellar materials and equipment. Rate: Fixed by preference. Conditions of payment : Monthly, quarterly or annually. Related costs: Dossier charges, share subscriptions, mortgage costs. Guarantee: Mortgage, undertaking to mortgage or guarantee deposit. Insurance: The rate should be negotiated and reasoned on the capital remaining due or on the initial capital. Period of deferment: Capital repayment period of deferment for a maximum of the first 2 years. Advance repayment: Option to negotiate a premature closure of the loan with or without repayment penalties Conditions of accounts management: Account holding costs, costs of overdraft facility (Information provided by Vinea Transaction) French Property Exhibition in Harrogate 15-17 May 2009
Archant Life France, the market leading publisher within the Francophile market in the UK, is organizing its annual French property exhibition in Harrogate. The three-day event will be held in the Yorkshire Event Centre. Doors will open at 10am every day and entrance is free. Free tickets can be obtained from www.fpeharrogate.com Show visitors will be able to meet the market professionals such as estate agents, tax advisors, mortgage lenders, and removal and currency exchange companies. Free seminars led by experts will run throughout the show, offering househunters a unique opportunity to have their questions answered face to face. The
French Sleep More, But Do They Kiss More? Excerpt from Parler Paris Nouvellettre®
In light of the photo I published in Monday's newsletter, of a man sleeping on a park bench, I thought it particularly worth a chuckle and a comment -- "not surprised!" In brief, the report surveying 18 countries, concludes that the French sleep an average of nine hours every night, about 30 minutes longer than the average American and over an hour longer than the Japanese and Koreans. (Guess I haven't yet 'crossed the cultural divide' -- I sleep only about six hours a night.) The report also noted that the French spend more than two hours a day eating, twice the time spent by people in Mexico, Canada and the United States. (Actually, I thought that seemed LOW! It takes two hours just to have lunch, much less breakfast and dinner!) In spite of the time it takes them to down their meals, obesity is tops in the U.S. of A. and the Turkish are busy socializing -- spending 35% of their time compared to the average of 11%). The Mexicans and Japanese have the least amount of leisure time among the 30 OECD members. Surprised?
And guess what? The French live the second longest, to the age of 84.4 for women and 77.3 for men, compared to Japan who outlives us all to the ages of 85.8 and 79 respectively. It must be all that sleeping, eating and kissing keeping them living longer! Sadly, Americans manage to shave more years off their lives with an age of 80.4 for women and 75.2 for men. So, what does all this mean? Well, I suppose from a business standpoint, one might open a restaurant or start selling mattresses. I've noticed there is a shortage of availability of alarm clocks (I recently went on a hunt for an alarm clock and virtually came up empty except for overpriced complicated versions) -- and now I know why... To read the entire newsletter go to www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis. Fractional Property Offerings from French Property Fractional www.adrianleeds.com/frenchproperty/fractional If you are interested in traditional fractional ownership properties currently offered by our Fractional Ownership partners, see below:
Nose Out a Wine Property in Sophisticated Burgundy
Headed up by experienced husband and wife team Su and David Bishop, Arena Park France has been at the forefront of high-quality conversions since 2003 and they know the area and its foibles better than most. Su comments, “Like its celebrated wine production, Burgundy’s property market focuses on quality rather than quantity and there really is very little available.Arena Park France is therefore not a volume business, but instead selects well-located ancient stone buildings and transforms them into light modern spaces in direct liaison with the client so they get exactly what they want.French styling tends to be a world-apart from that expected of an international clientele so Arena Park France homes stand-out in terms of both quality and design.Our buyers get the best of both worlds – contemporary living in petite characterful villages.” To the east of central France, spilling into neighboring Switzerland, Burgundy is the epitome of romantic peaceful countryside.Running through the heart of the region is the Côte d’Or, a narrow escarpment snaking from Dijon to Beaune and home to tight clusters of irresistible stone villages.This is Arena Park France territory and Burgundy at its most pure.Vineyards roll as far as the eye can see, guarded and respected by the wealthy landowners to be passed from generation to generation.A sense of quality percolates through every aspect of Côte d’Or life and foreign property buyers find its finesse and authenticity highly alluring - wishing to assimilate rather than alienate. Su continues, “Business is good for us at Arena Park France and if anything we have expanded our team as Europe’s economic predicament deepens. We have little or no competition in the area for our level of finished product and our clients are impressed with our ability to handle the build process from inception through to conclusion. Working with local contractors we can manage timescales and qualities with the added reassurance of French ‘decennale’ insurance. Our completed projects serve as show homes and people are happy to put their faith in us to create their home in idyllic world-away Burgundy.” While it would be impossible to tire of the Cotswolds-esque villages picnicking amongst the vineyards, step outside of the Côte D’Or and you will find the Burgundy of the travel books. Defined by its imposing architecture - great Abbeys and majestic chateaux encircled by reflective moats, Romanesque churches and nostalgic arched bridges – Burgundy life revolves around outdoor living. The region has over 1,200km of navigable waterways (including France’s oldest working canal) lined with poplars and lilacs alongside fields of poppies and sunflowers. Landlubbers can cycle or stroll along the picturesque canal paths meanwhile golfers can swing their clubs in the region’s 20 or so golf courses, some in the grounds of grand chateaux. Yet of course it is Burgundy’s renowned elixir that has shaped its landscape and economy more than any. There is evidence of vine-growing in the area from Roman times but certainly ever since the 17th century, when Louis XIV’s doctor prescribed wine to alleviate the symptoms of royal indigestion, the region’s south facing slopes have been shrouded in healthy vines and its grand residences inhabited by well-to-do vignerons. From Chablis to Côte de Beaune, every Bourgogne menu has dishes swirling in the nectar from poussins to escargots and of course the signature boeuf bourguignon... ...On the market in Burgundy: Apartments in Pommard Cottage in Cissey To read the entire article go to www.prlog.org
Compare currency values easily and quickly by visiting: Moneycorp Convertor Charts: www.Moneycorp.co.uk/members/charts.asp The charts are updated every ten seconds. The prices shown are "inter bank" exchange rates and are not the rates that you will be offered by Moneycorp. Your rate will be determined by the amount of currency that you are buying. Please speak with an Moneycorp dealer or your consultant for a live quotation. Parler Paris Apartments Welcome to your home in Paris. Home is how you will feel in a private apartment in Paris that has the "seal of approval" from Parler Paris Apartments and me, Adrian Leeds. Parler Paris Apartments offers high quality accommodations to make your stay in the City of Light as enjoyable and memorable as possible. We at Parler Paris know each and every apartment owner or manager personally, and stand behind the quality of those we represent. We understand your needs and desires, all the small details that make a rental apartment a warm and welcoming home and a much better alternative to an impersonal hotel!Parler Paris Apartments is administered and serviced by the same great team as Parler Paris, French Property Insider and French Property Consultation. You can trust that Parler Paris Apartments and all those with whom it is associated will do their best for your 100% guaranteed satisfaction. SPOTLIGHT APARTMENT(S): Le Trésor du Marais
Rue
Vieille du Temple, 4th Arrondissement
Light pours through the five large double-paned windows making the apartment bright and cheerful, as well as quiet. The incomparable views of the rooftops of the Marais from this fourth floor 'nest' provide the utmost in charm.
A well equipped kitchen features Portuguese tile floors and countertops, a four-burner electric stove top, coffee maker, a small refrigerator with freezer section, and a microwave oven for cooking and reheating. The bedroom comfortably sleeps two in a queen-sized bed, the sofabed accommodates a third person and the sleeping loft in the mezzanine will accommodate a fourth guest. There is plenty of closet space so that you may unpack and may yourself fully at home. A modern bathroom in blue and white tile contains an especially spacious shower and a bright, sunny window. www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis/apartments/rentals/deco.html. Reserve now! Visit www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis/apartments or email: Apartments@AdrianLeeds.com A
Vintage Investment: You Don't Need to be a Millionaire to Buy
a Vineyard
That will be the treat in store for Sting, who has just announced he is launching a red wine produced on his Tuscan estate. But you don't need 182 acres to experience such a pleasure - and you don't need to be rich to make your own wine either. An increasing number of developments around the world are tuning into the popularity of wine tourism and providing private individuals with the opportunity to buy a second home in a wine-producing location. Such properties offer the best of both worlds: the experience of getting involved with wine making without the responsibility of running a vineyard. Many British people like the idea of making their own wine. So they come to France and go to classes and join wine clubs near their holiday homes. According to the travel website TripAdvisor.com, wine tourism is on the increase, and the most popular destination is Bordeaux in the south of France. For those who want a full-time hobby, it is possible to buy a renovated 16th-century, four-bedroom townhouse with 160 vines near Chinon in the Loire Valley for £312,900 (€ 353,120). Alternatively, if the idea of 100,000 bottles a year appeals, they've got a large farmhouse with a full working winery - or chai - and 25 hectares of vine in Bordeaux for £710,700 (€ 802,053). Although you can get EU grants for making wine, buying a property on a working wine estate is a cost-effective alternative for budding vignerons. At the Chateau Les Carrasses in the Languedoc, you can buy a property from £185,050 (€ 208,836). As well as participating in the wine making process, you receive 50 cases of wine a year (www.domainedemeure.com). Karl O'Hanlon, of the project's developer Domaine & Demeure, says that the wine tourism element increases the rental potential of the 28 properties, 20 minutes from Beziers. "Wine tourism is on the up and net yields of between 4 and 4.5 per cent are possible if owners rent out their homes in high season," he says. "Plus there's the added authenticity of owning - or staying in - an historic building on a domaine that has produced wine since 1886." The opportunities for integrating with the local community that wine production provides appealed to a British buyer on another Languedoc wine estate, Le Jardins de St Benoit, in the village of St Laurent. Owners at this 17-acre vineyard estate and spa - managed by Garrigae Resorts - can buy their own vines, join the local cooperative or just enjoy drinking, the rich-red Corbieres wine. "I wanted to live at the heart of a French community," says Pam Gregory, a 56-year-old management consultant from the New Forest. "I've already booked two weeks in September to coincide with the grape harvest." Prices start from £183,250 (€ 206,805) for a one-bedroom townhouse. Properties can be bought on a freehold or leaseback basis, both offering income from the resort's managed rental scheme... To read the entire article go to www.dailymail.co.uk/property/article-1175896/. HOT PROPERTY PICKS: Vast Varied Vineyards Each week French Property Insider features a range of properties which we believe are on the market at the time of writing. These properties are featured in order to give readers a sample of what is currently available and a working example of prices being asked in various regions of France and districts of Paris. As we are not a real estate agency. These properties do not constitute a sales listing. For those readers seriously interested in finding property in Paris or France, you can retain our services to do the whole thing for you. For more information, visit http://www.adrianleeds.com/frenchproperty/consultation This week our focus is on vineyards throughout France as well as one vineyard resort with individual properties for sale. the area with the highest property price increase.
Lineup for the Next Three Notaires' Property Auctions
Additional information on Les Ventes aux Enchères des Notaires can be found on the Web site at www.encheres-Paris.com. Though the site has a button for an English version, it isn't necessarily reliable. To read Schuyler Hoffman's article
about the property auctions in Paris, click on: On May 12, 2009 the following property will be auctioned off (this is the only apartment up for auction on this date. All other properties were store fronts, offices, garages, or caves):
Let us help you secure a mortgage in France at a competitive interest rate. Visit www.adrianleeds.com/frenchproperty/loan for more information or contact Loan@AdrianLeeds.com HELPFUL CONVERSIONS FOR REAL ESTATE 1 square meter = 10.7639104 square feet 1 hectare = 2.4710538 acres For more conversions, refer to: www.onlineconversion.com/
www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis/apresmidi.html Come for a drink and to meet and chat with other readers in Paris... The next gathering is May 12, 2009 and every second Tuesday of the month (except August).
Managing Your French Property Insider Subscription is Easy!
It's easy... 1. Go to adrianleeds.com/frenchproperty/insider 2. Click on "Manage Subscription." You'll find it under the "Subscribers Only" section in the sidebar. 3. Enter your username and password. 4. On the Welcome Page, go to "Manage Your Account" and click on "Change Password/Edit Profile" 5. Once you've made the changes, scroll down to the bottom of the page and click on "Save Profile." Simple! Of course, we're always happy to help, so if you do need assistance, send an email to members@fpinsider.com To access password protected pages: click on any of the links on the left panel of the home page of FrenchPropertyInsider.com under "Subscriber's Only," then type in your personal username and password. Past issues of FPI are available
on the Web site. You will find the To receive your free French Leaseback
Report or the Paris Property We wanted better guides, So we wrote them!
French Property Insider subscribers receive a discount of 10% off any guide and up to 25% off the entire purchase (if two or more guides are purchased at the same time). Here's how it works: 1. Click on special Web link we give you just for FPI subscribers. 2. Then order one or more
guide(s) and use the promotion 3. If you order two or more
guides, then an additional 15% will be Here is the special "coupon"
Web link just for you: SUBSCRIBE TO PARLER PARIS If you're not a regular reader of the Parler Paris daily e-letter, and would like to be, simply enter your e-mail address here (it's free!): www.adrianleeds.com/parlerparis Copyright 2011, Adrian
Leeds® |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||